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A CREEPY new video reveals the full horror of the world's first "synthetic human" twitching into life.The bot - dubbed Protoclone - is built with arti

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Twitch

twitch

Some months ago I took the next step in sharing my experiences with a wider audience. I began live-streaming my activities on platforms like Twitch and Kick. The motivation for this decision stemmed from the presentation by Charlie Coppinger, who emphasized the concept of "Building in Public on Twitch" inside the Small Bets community. Intrigued by his approach and after exploring his channel, I felt inspired to give it a try. Setting up my Twitch stream proved to be a more intricate process than anticipated, involving considerations such as microphone setup, choosing the right streaming application, and application setup. I plan to get deeper into these technical aspects in upcoming posts, sharing insights and tips for those interested. For my inaugural stream, I opted to play the video game Palworld, reminiscent of Pokemon but with a unique twist involving guns. While there were initial nerves, once immersed in the flow, the awareness of being live on camera faded away. A highlight from my first day of streaming was receiving a sudden "raid" on my channel, with around 20 people joining and engaging in lively chat to promote my content. On the second day, I decided to share a different aspect of my life by streaming myself as a student. I like to learn, and this was a perfect occasion to use streaming as a tool. I undertook the "ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Developers" course on the deeplearning.ai website. Given the course's content and my admiration for Andrew Ng's teachings from past experiences, I wanted to document my learning journey. Adhering to the website's Terms of Use, which discouraged streaming without prior written consent, I took a calculated risk. I blurred the screen and added ambient music to maintain compliance while sharing my educational experience. Although the audience for this stream was limited, I found joy in combining my educational pursuits with the unique experience of live streaming. Even though there are always chances to get to a DMCA takedown when you use other’s content, I was lucky to not get into it. Reflecting on a Past DMCA Takedown In July 2016, six months after completing my master's degree in Computer Vision and venturing into my first indie hacker journey, the popular game app Pokemon Go made its debut. There was a lot of hype around the release, and the first web apps that gathered information about Pokemon locations started to appear. Those were my first steps in reverse engineering APIs on web apps but I wasn’t able to reverse engineer the Pokemon GO game. One of those web apps became the basis for my Android App, "Live PokeMap for Pokemon Go." To prevent a potential DMCA takedown, I removed the content inside Pokemon images from the App. I also incorporated Google AdMob ads to generate revenue, and the app gained traction quickly. The initial excitement culminated in a revenue of $43.03 on the first full day. That day I remember I couldn’t sleep from excitement, my brain was thinking about improvements and new features. I even fantasized about living off the app. However, my elation was short-lived as, on the fifth day, Google removed all Android apps revealing Pokemon locations from the Play Store. Despite reaching over 20K downloads in the first days, the app's removal from the Play Store meant AdMob stopped displaying ads, resulting in no income. Nowadays, the app is still present on app crawlers like APKCombo, even though the app is not working. This experience heightened my determination to continue building innovative projects while considering alternatives to relying solely on major platforms like Google or Apple. Some months ago I took the next step in sharing my experiences with a wider audience. I began live-streaming my activities on platforms like Twitch and Kick . Twitch Kick The motivation for this decision stemmed from the presentation by Charlie Coppinger , who emphasized the concept of "Building in Public on Twitch" inside the Small Bets community. Intrigued by his approach and after exploring his channel, I felt inspired to give it a try. Charlie Coppinger Setting up my Twitch stream proved to be a more intricate process than anticipated, involving considerations such as microphone setup, choosing the right streaming application, and application setup. I plan to get deeper into these technical aspects in upcoming posts, sharing insights and tips for those interested. For my inaugural stream, I opted to play the video game Palworld, reminiscent of Pokemon but with a unique twist involving guns. While there were initial nerves, once immersed in the flow, the awareness of being live on camera faded away. A highlight from my first day of streaming was receiving a sudden "raid" on my channel, with around 20 people joining and engaging in lively chat to promote my content. Pokemon "raid" On the second day, I decided to share a different aspect of my life by streaming myself as a student. I like to learn, and this was a perfect occasion to use streaming as a tool. I undertook the "ChatGPT Prompt Engineering for Developers" course on the deeplearning.ai website. Given the course's content and my admiration for Andrew Ng's teachings from past experiences, I wanted to document my learning journey. Adhering to the website's Terms of Use, which discouraged streaming without prior written consent, I took a calculated risk. I blurred the screen and added ambient music to maintain compliance while sharing my educational experience. Although the audience for this stream was limited, I found joy in combining my educational pursuits with the unique experience of live streaming. Even though there are always chances to get to a DMCA takedown when you use other’s content, I was lucky to not get into it. Reflecting on a Past DMCA Takedown In July 2016, six months after completing my master's degree in Computer Vision and venturing into my first indie hacker journey, the popular game app Pokemon Go made its debut. There was a lot of hype around the release, and the first web apps that gathered information about Pokemon locations started to appear. Those were my first steps in reverse engineering APIs on web apps but I wasn’t able to reverse engineer the Pokemon GO game. One of those web apps became the basis for my Android App, "Live PokeMap for Pokemon Go." Pokemon Go To prevent a potential DMCA takedown, I removed the content inside Pokemon images from the App. I also incorporated Google AdMob ads to generate revenue, and the app gained traction quickly. The initial excitement culminated in a revenue of $43.03 on the first full day. That day I remember I couldn’t sleep from excitement, my brain was thinking about improvements and new features. I even fantasized about living off the app. However, my elation was short-lived as, on the fifth day, Google removed all Android apps revealing Pokemon locations from the Play Store. Google AdMob Despite reaching over 20K downloads in the first days, the app's removal from the Play Store meant AdMob stopped displaying ads, resulting in no income. Nowadays, the app is still present on app crawlers like APKCombo , even though the app is not working. APKCombo This experience heightened my determination to continue building innovative projects while considering alternatives to relying solely on major platforms like Google or Apple.

Building in Public: Lessons from My First Twitch Streams

- you know you can't resist clicking. Even if it's just for a moment before rapidly closing, we've all succumbed to curiosity about those tempting live videos on , and . Love it or hate it, live streaming has become ubiquitous online entertainment we can scarcely avoid. Live streaming YouTube Twitch, TikTok On these platforms, content creators from all over the world upload daily videos for us. At first, most videos used to be personal blogs or even `how to` videos. Nowadays, they focus on many interesting things, such as gaming and even slot streaming. Twitch and YouTube are the pioneers of slot streaming Twitch pioneered low-latency video game streaming, leveraging advanced codecs and protocols to minimize delay. Streamers naturally spotlighted slots and table games as gaming grew to include casino titles. This interactivity captivates viewers through multilayered outcomes generated by intricate random number generators and game logic algorithms. Others might want to learn new tactics they wish to use themselves afterward. However, the reasons aren’t that important. People just like watching other people play games. offers a similar experience, allowing creators to edit and improve their videos. Its live section will also enable players to stream in real time while interacting with their viewers. YouTube 's latest slot streaming report reveals dominates market share with of hours viewed. follows closely with a share as the longtime first mover. However, upstart grew rapidly at year-over-year, now representing of streaming hours. Even TikTok entered the space in force, securing an 8% share despite its non-native streaming format. CasinoAlpha Twitch 49% YouTube 36% Kick 200% 7% The new joiners that make waves: Kick and TikTok While and are the undisputed leaders in terms of streaming, platforms like and are also making their presence noticed. Kick’s friendly interface and its focus on gaming is quickly gaining popularity among young users. Twitch YouTube TikTok Kick , while it’s known for its short content, is also experimenting with . This upgrade can truly transform the platform into one of the new favorite places for slot and casino streamers. TikTok live streaming Slots, streaming, and programming: an unexpected synergy For programmers and tech enthusiasts, slot streaming offers . The tech behind it is so complex! Everything is fascinating for someone tech-savvy, from random numbers generators to the algorithms that ensure the games are fair. more than just entertainment At the same time, the fact that everything is now integrated with streaming technology and live chat solutions makes everything even more impressive and interesting. How does AI and ML stand in all this Behind the scenes, and power nearly all aspects of the slot streaming ecosystem - from game design to user customization to predictive analytics. artificial intelligence machine learning Game developers apply to iteratively playtest titles, optimizing mechanics, visuals, audio, and narratives. As games are launched, AI agents track metrics like player sessions and spending to optimize them constantly. Also, computer vision algorithms can analyze game videos for emotional reactions and highlight reels. neural networks recommendation engines analyze viewer histories on the user front to serve personalized, new stream suggestions. Natural language processing extracts chat emotion and intent to auto-moderate and identify influencers. Machine learning For technologists, unraveling the intricate and infusing slot streaming offers endless explanations. The interplay of gaming, entertainment technology, data science, and automation blurs the lines between humans and machines. Devoted devs are developing streaming algorithms, further advancing the industry's explosive growth. AI ML Educational aspects of slot streaming If we ignore the entertaining aspect of , we can focus on its educational features. Streaming slots and casino games offer us new perspectives on game mechanics and even help us learn interesting new strategies. slot streaming These strategies can prove to be useful in real life if we know how to choose the right ones. For instance, we can focus on how the streamer manages their bankroll. That skill is useful in our daily lives; thus, it’s worth learning. It’s not just about streaming; it’s about creating and growing online communities. and , in general, are not just a way to pass the time anymore. It has become a great method for people to meet new people and even find friends. We might not realize it, but when we’re talking on a channel full of people who share the same interests as us, it’s impossible not to meet at least someone who we can talk to. Slot streaming gaming streaming The truth is that some of us are not as social and are not able to make new friends effortlessly. But that’s the beauty of these platforms: all types of people join them. Eventually, we all find people who are like us. We just have to join a community that we like, and the right geek will find us, that’s for sure!

Why is Slot Streaming Becoming So Popular on YouTube and Twitch?

কেন স্লট স্ট্রিমিং ইউটিউব এবং টুইচ-এ এত জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠছে?

Warum wird Slot-Streaming auf YouTube und Twitch so beliebt?

¿Por qué la transmisión de tragamonedas se está volviendo tan popular en YouTube y Twitch?

Pourquoi le streaming de machines à sous devient-il si populaire sur YouTube et Twitch ?

स्लॉट स्ट्रीमिंग यूट्यूब और ट्विच पर इतनी लोकप्रिय क्यों हो रही है?

YouTube や Twitch でスロット ストリーミングが人気になっているのはなぜですか?

YouTube와 Twitch에서 슬롯 스트리밍이 인기를 끄는 이유는 무엇입니까?

Por que o streaming de slots está se tornando tão popular no YouTube e no Twitch?

Почему стриминг игровых автоматов становится настолько популярным на YouTube и Twitch?

Slot Yayını YouTube ve Twitch'te Neden Bu Kadar Popüler Hale Geliyor?

Tại sao Slot Streaming lại trở nên phổ biến trên YouTube và Twitch?

为什么老虎机流媒体在 YouTube 和 Twitch 上如此受欢迎？

Today’s issue covers . Well, really it covers Justin.tv. Twitch spun out of Justin.tv. I’ll cover that briefly, but Justin.tv had plenty of traction by the time Twitch, as we know it today, was created. Twitch Justin.tv was started by , , , and . Justin and Emmett were grade school friends and attended college together. They wanted to start a company. It was 2004, and Gmail had just launched. They decided a web-based calendar would be useful so they built . This is a great story by itself, but I’ll keep it short. As you can probably imagine, this dream was cut short when released Google Calendar in 2006. They sold Kiko Calendar for $250,000 on eBay and spent the next 2 months playing video games and talking about the world. : Brief history: Justin Kan Emmett Shear Kyle Vogt Michael Seibel Kiko Calendar Google Emmett talking about those conversations and the birth of Justin.tv (6:40) Justin had the idea of like “oh we should just record them and post them online”. You know it was like a nuclear chain reaction: “oh we should post these online”. Well we’re too lazy to do that. “Why do we just live stream all of our conversations all the time?” “If we’re going to do that, why don’t we do it with video also because like, you know, people might want to have the video.” And then if we’re going to live stream all the conversations, we might as well set it up to live stream someone’s entire life 24/7. Justin took the critical step which was “I should actually stream my life 24/7 on the Internet.” and started building a rig that would stream Justin’s life 24/7. They raised $50,000 from YC https://twitter.com/eshear/status/1480641333169516545?s=20&embedable=true This was before smartphones and high bandwidth cell connections so streaming wasn’t a trivial technical problem. They brought on Kyle Vogt to own the streaming setup. They also brought on Michael Seibel, a friend from college, to be CEO and help them stay focused. The four co-founders worked on the product for 3 months. Justin went live in March of 2007 to quite a bit of fanfare. They were on The Morning Show and hit 150,000 unique visitors in the first month. The problem? The content was excruciatingly boring. A month into the show, nearly every user had churned. They went from having thousands of simultaneous viewers to dozens. After receiving feedback from a user, they realized people didn’t want to watch Justin, they wanted to be Justin. They opened the platform up to anyone to create streams in October of 2007 and growth turned upwards again. They raised $2M on this idea and launched as “YouTube for live streaming”. They had 500,000 unique visitors in the first week. The next four years were an absolute slog. Growth plateaued, the 2008 recession happened, and they could not raise money even though they had 30M MAUs. They cut costs, injected ads everywhere they could, and got to break even. Emmett again (transcript): https://youtu.be/cQ3tZ05KCtw?t=524 Then we kind of found ourselves stuck in this place, where, what do we do now? We’ve got this thing. We could stay here. We might even be able to make it profitable. We could work on it for a while, it’s not really going anywhere and so we had this moment where we all met up and said “we need to do something with this company.” There were two schools of thought. One of them was mobile. At the time the iPhone was new, and we thought “there was this real opportunity to build mobile video”. There were no good mobile video players in the space and we thought that could be big. Then there was this second idea around gaming which I was interested in primarily because it was the only content on Justin.tv that I personally watched. We actually said, this time, instead of just launching random features and guessing whether they work or not we are going to set real goals for the two projects, one around mobile, and one around gaming, and we’re going to try to hit those goals. So we setup two teams internally. One lead by Michael (Seibel), our then CEO, which turned into Socialcam and ended up getting spun off and then a second one lead by me in partnership with Kevin Lin who was our COO. The two of us really believed in the gaming part mostly because we’re big gamers. Twitch launched in 2011, 9 months after the team started working on it. It took off. Within 2 years, Twitch had 45M MAUs. In August 2014, Twitch was sold to for $970M. Amazon Development One quick note. As I mentioned above, streaming video over a cellular connection wasn’t trivial at the time. Unlike the other companies covered in previous issues, the team did actually need to solve a somewhat difficult technical problem to launch their MVP. Emmett talking about the Justin.tv MVP (transcript): The initial streaming setup ran on a Mac mini running Windows XP that would reboot automatically: https://youtu.be/6IFR3WYSBFM?t=753 We did the minimum possible work to get a show onto the Internet. When we launched it, it could only have one channel. The way broadcasting worked, the only we could get it to work consistently, was we had a Mac mini running Parallels, which is a virtualization environment, for Windows XP where we had this piece of broadcasting software that we were automating with Windows shell scripting to pick up the camera input, and then auto reboot if it went down because it broke all the time because it was really buggy software. That extremely jury-rigged thing worked. It put a video stream on the Internet. We could not scale that up to thousands of streams. It was impossible. But we got something that was at least compelling to one person on the Internet. That was compelling to us. That was a critical step for us. Before we did that we basically weren’t learning anything. : I call this out, not as good practice, but as evidence as to what was important to the team at the time. The team talking about it (transcript): The root password to their servers was the first initial of each of their name, kemj https://youtu.be/2vG-Sxk-c2k?t=130 Michael: You know the other thing I was trying to remember, and cut this if this is if this is bad, but there used to be passwords that would be like the first letter of all of our names. What order was it in? Do you remember this? Kyle: k-e-m-j Emmett: yeah k-e-m-j that's right. It was like the root password to our servers. Challenges was one of the first major features they built after the launch and opening up of Justin.tv. They shipped it at the end of 2007. The idea was that viewers could pose challenges to streamers that streamers could then complete. It was a complete flop. The team discussing removing it (transcript): They removed failed features as quickly as they shipped them: https://youtu.be/2vG-Sxk-c2k?t=1563 Michael: We did remove challenges completely. Like I think we completely removed it from the site. Kyle: It didn’t take too long. It wasn’t up there for months as this decaying fragment to the site. Emmett: That’s fast. Cutting something after months is fast. I actually think that was something we were pretty good at. Being like “oh that was a mistake” and then not doing it anymore. Kyle: There is startup time. It takes a month to launch and two months to kill. My Take One of the things I struggle with is needing to feel “ready” before tackling the unknown. The reality is that, for me, that’s an excuse. Emmett talks about how little they knew when working on Kiki Calendar (transcript): They learned as they went: https://youtu.be/cQ3tZ05KCtw?t=66 If you look back on it, we kind of new how to program? We weren’t very good in retrospect. We didn’t really know what we were doing. I thought that you had to use a database from Java. I didn’t understand that that was a separate thing and they didn’t have anything to do with each other. We really, really didn’t know what we were doing. We didn’t know how to make product decisions. We didn’t know how to raise money. We didn’t know how to hire people. We certainly didn’t know how to manage people. And we had basically none of the skills. All we had was a desire to make it happen and an amazing support network of people who were helping us make it happen. Justin has an excellent blog post called “How to do anything” where he talks about this as well: I’ve found that when faced with a set of seemingly insurmountable challenges, the first step towards making it easier is to break things down into as large a set of small individual tasks as possible It wasn’t until the team started working on Twitch, six years into entrepreneurship, that Emmett felt like he actually had the skills he needed (transcript): It takes a long time to build a complete toolbox of skills: https://youtu.be/cQ3tZ05KCtw?t=659 That was when I guess made the final step, this was 5 or 6 years in as an entrepreneur, and had put together all the skills needed to actually run a company. I could build products, I understood the engineering side, I could manage people. I had spent years painfully making mistakes, losing lots of employees. I’d figured out how to do hiring, we figured out how to scale product if we needed to. I knew how companies might make money or lose money and what I finally could do when we were here was I finally got the extra bonus skill of how to talk to users. Resources Emmett Shear at Startup School SV 2014 Twitch 1: Almost Famous Twitch 2: Gaming the System Was Starting Twitch A Mistake? - The OnlyFriends Ep #6 Also published here. This is an issue from my free newsletter, . If you’re enjoying this, please consider subscribing. I write about how successful companies built their products (and broke the rules) before they had product market fit. Monolith

From a Mac Mini, Running Windows XP, to Streaming Giant: The Twitch Come-Up

Not only has cryptocurrency dominated investment trends since its inception, but the movement is also bleeding into other avenues — from hackers to Twitch streamers. With an avid fanbase the likes of fantasy football, crypto gambling has been a recently popular genre for Twitch streamers to keep audiences at the edge of their seats. Whether or not the bits and subscription funds from viewers go into the potentially toxic hobby is another story as Twitch edits its terms to ban these activities from streams. Is the ban forever and if so, will the popularity of crypto gambling fall without this central platform's free exposure? The Details of the Ban — What Does It Reveal? After pressure from some of Twitch's prominent streamers , Twitch released a statement on Twitter stating its ban on the following, effective October 18, 2022: to control gambling content Slots Roulette Dice games These only apply to games not licensed in the United States or jurisdictions that provide consumer protections. The primary sites included in the ban are Stake, Rollbit, Duelbits, and Roobet. Sports and poker-related content is still allowed, most likely because it is a skill-based game instead of chance-focused. Regardless, crypto casinos are tempting popular streamers to hop on a profitable bandwagon — if they can keep a winning streak against thousands of viewing fans. This is the case, even though there are several revenue. avenues for Twitch streamers to earn This is after popular streamer Sliker openly from Twitch fans to fund a gambling addiction that began in a video game, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. admitted to extorting over $200,000 With concerns over the age demographic of stream viewers, gambling behaviors could imprint on impressionable youth. It could normalize frivolous and impulsive behavior or perpetuate how easy it is to make money online without explaining how they . manage their winnings The Longevity of Gambling Streams — Can Sites Survive? Ultimately, the Twitch statement left room for further additions to its policy. Therefore, their gambling guidelines have room to grow, potentially to prevent all forms of gambling outside of cryptocurrency. The primary way to analyze the shelf-life of crypto gambling after the Twitch ban will be based on the practice's popularity preceding Twitch. Will streamers and viewers give up on this form of entertainment, or to other platforms — like DLive? will they simply move What entices crypto gamblers is the anonymous experience with a greater breadth of games to pick from, some unique to crypto gambling only. Bitstarz offers over , from slots to bingo. 4,000 games to earn money Services offer special promotions to those who only gamble with crypto, including VIP programs and bonuses. With the rise of digital casinos, more keep appearing, showing no signs of slowing down. Crypto gamblers want to take advantage of secure transactions and low fees, especially for platforms that encourage crypto as their only form of payment. Crypto gambling has been happening for over a decade. Since 2014, over was wagered by betters in online casinos — this isn't even accounting for more modern cryptocurrencies. $4.5 billion in bitcoin This number amounts to around 4,000 crypto gamblers daily at hundreds of casinos. With these numbers, it appears the trend will continue to thrive. The Impression from Twitch — Does Crypto Gambling Lose? Because the ban prevents some gambling, many claim it won't be enough to curb the addiction ailing many popular Twitch streamers. Some even use VPNs to circumvent having United States IP addresses — since in the US. crypto gambling is illegal Anti-gambling advocates on Twitch noted the ban only prevents streaming of incompliant sites — if a website falls under a territory's compliance, it can still be streamed on Twitch. Therefore, there are concerns among streamers that crypto gambling advocates will only find loopholes in the language to continue business as usual — such as what sites they are gambling on. not displaying URLs to hide This also raises the question of whether crypto casinos will attempt to find ways to maintain a presence on Twitch. It's too soon to tell, but it could result in some platforms' revenues falling, instigating a journey for compliance. Crypto Gambling on Other Platforms Despite the ban, there are too many unknowns to tell the future of crypto gambling because of the Twitch ban. It's possible streamers will find inventive ways to continue streaming their policy-breaching gambling sessions — but who knows if the monitoring will be strict or if content creators can contest claims and win. Regardless of whether crypto gambling finds its primary audience via Twitch, the happening as crypto continues to rise and fall in such dramatic ways it will continue to entice curious minds for years. numbers show it will not stop

Will Crypto Gambling Survive Its Twitch Ban?

I gave a lunch and learn for my Virtual Coffee community on getting started with streaming on Twitch. https://youtu.be/aDofyI6E2t4 Slide deck: https://iamdeveloper.com/stream2021 If you’re interested in learning in public, Twitch is a great place to do it. Alright, let’s get to it! Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) The first thing to do is install OBS. It is the standard when it comes to streaming. There are tools built on top of it, but typically I recommend using bare-bones OBS or Streamlabs OBS (SLOBS) which is OBS with some plugins from Streamlabs. The main reason to use OBS or SLOBS is more flexibility when streaming, and as far as I know, OBS is the only one that allows you to stream closed captioning. For the remainder of the post, I will refer to just OBS instead of OBS/SLOBS. I won't do a deep dive into all the things you can do with OBS, but know that you can create scenes with many sources. A scene can be for example a starting soon page, and when you're ready to start talking you transition to another scene, perhaps called chatting or coding view. There are many sources you can add to a scene: images
browser sources, e.g. a web page used for an overlay in your stream
display capture, e.g. an external monitor
video capture device, e.g. a webcam
etc. Streaming Checklist It's important to go over your setup before going live on a stream. You want to make sure audio is good, video etc. Here is a sample checklist that I created for the purpose of this post. It's a reduced version of my own checklist. Turn off notifications for any software on laptop
Ensure closed captioning is working with OBS
Check audio is not muted and is working for you and your guests
Have Twitch chat open in a browser or the entire stream (make sure stream is muted!)
Ensure you’re on the right scene to start Going Live Here's some typical steps to take when going live on a stream. Go over checklist
Tweet out that you are going live on your stream with a link to your stream. SLOBS has this built-in
Start Stream
Check the stream to make sure you’re streaming
You should be good to go at this point Streaming Tips Here are some streaming tips that I've found useful Interact with the Twitch chat
It’s not going to be perfect, that’s OK
Have fun, really!
If you’re live coding, talk through what you’re doing
Tweet midway through your stream that you’re still streaming about topic X or live coding https://twitter.com/nickytonline/status/1405219963045036033 Post your streams to Polywork, LinkedIn and Twitter. Here are some examples at timeline.iamdeveloper.com, my LinkedIn, and Twitter https://twitter.com/coffeecraftcode/status/1384980393770815488 Have a consistent schedule
Don’t worry  if no one or few people are watching your stream when you get started out
Zoom in your editor and browser to help folks see things better
If you use Visual Studio Code, @john_papa created an amazing extension for hiding environment files called Cloak {%twitter 1421683536952709120 %} If you plan on uploading your streams to YouTube or want to create clips later, ensure that you have Store past broadcasts on in your stream settings Having Guests on Your Stream There is no native way for guests to join a stream in OBS, so a third party application is required. These are the common ones that are out there: Zoom
Discord
VDO.Ninja (previously called OBS.Ninja) For Discussions You should have one or more topics to discuss, but they do not need to be scripted. It should feel natural. I also tend to go on tangents sometimes. Maybe this is good, maybe it's bad. 🙃 Extras Here's some not necessarily crucial stuff for your stream, but some nice additions to spice up your stream. Add interactivity to your stream. A browser source in a scene that loads a page using ComfyJS is a great for this.
Automate things as much as possible

Scheduled tweet that you’re going live
Use a stream deck if it’s in your budget. I bought one about a year into streaming.


Use service like StreamLabs or StreamElements for moderation bots, interactivity, like when someone follows your stream. Additional software Below is a list of additional software that can help you out during a stream or post-stream. Loopback, for merging audio or creating other virtual audio devices
descript, for subtitles, removing filler words, and video editing if you plan on publishing your streams to YouTube
krisp, noise-cancelling software Hardware Although not required when starting out with streaming, these are things you can add to your stream over time. Light ring
An external microphone
Better Web Cam or Camera
Streaming Deck https://twitter.com/ania_kubow/status/1420685669479985152 Additional Resources Web Captioner

Add live captions in OBS Studio


Steve Seguin’s YouTube channel (creator of VDO.ninja)
The Invisible Zoom Streaming method by Rachael Wright-Munn
Pair Programming with Jhey (shows how to use ComfyJS) https://youtu.be/DDJB8KSh-Sw livecoding.ca’s interactions using ComfyJS
My Uses Page (software and hardware I use) And last but not least, some shameless plugs! DEV Twitch Stream
DEV's YouTube
My Stream
My YouTube Until next time folks! Also published here. I gave a lunch and learn for my Virtual Coffee community on getting started with streaming on Twitch. https://youtu.be/aDofyI6E2t4 https://youtu.be/aDofyI6E2t4 Slide deck: https://iamdeveloper.com/stream2021 https://iamdeveloper.com/stream2021 If you’re interested in learning in public, Twitch is a great place to do it. Alright, let’s get to it! Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) The first thing to do is install OBS . It is the standard when it comes to streaming. There are tools built on top of it, but typically I recommend using bare-bones OBS or Streamlabs OBS (SLOBS) which is OBS with some plugins from Streamlabs. OBS Streamlabs OBS The main reason to use OBS or SLOBS is more flexibility when streaming, and as far as I know, OBS is the only one that allows you to stream closed captioning. For the remainder of the post, I will refer to just OBS instead of OBS/SLOBS. I won't do a deep dive into all the things you can do with OBS, but know that you can create scenes with many sources . A scene can be for example a starting soon page, and when you're ready to start talking you transition to another scene, perhaps called chatting or coding view. create scenes with many sources There are many sources you can add to a scene: images browser sources, e.g. a web page used for an overlay in your stream display capture, e.g. an external monitor video capture device, e.g. a webcam etc. images browser sources, e.g. a web page used for an overlay in your stream display capture, e.g. an external monitor video capture device, e.g. a webcam etc. Streaming Checklist It's important to go over your setup before going live on a stream. You want to make sure audio is good, video etc. Here is a sample checklist that I created for the purpose of this post. It's a reduced version of my own checklist. Turn off notifications for any software on laptop Ensure closed captioning is working with OBS Check audio is not muted and is working for you and your guests Have Twitch chat open in a browser or the entire stream (make sure stream is muted!) Ensure you’re on the right scene to start Turn off notifications for any software on laptop Ensure closed captioning is working with OBS Check audio is not muted and is working for you and your guests Have Twitch chat open in a browser or the entire stream (make sure stream is muted!) Ensure you’re on the right scene to start Going Live Here's some typical steps to take when going live on a stream. Go over checklist Tweet out that you are going live on your stream with a link to your stream. SLOBS has this built-in Start Stream Check the stream to make sure you’re streaming You should be good to go at this point Go over checklist Tweet out that you are going live on your stream with a link to your stream. SLOBS has this built-in Start Stream Check the stream to make sure you’re streaming You should be good to go at this point Streaming Tips Here are some streaming tips that I've found useful Interact with the Twitch chat It’s not going to be perfect, that’s OK Have fun, really! If you’re live coding, talk through what you’re doing Tweet midway through your stream that you’re still streaming about topic X or live coding Interact with the Twitch chat It’s not going to be perfect, that’s OK Have fun, really! If you’re live coding, talk through what you’re doing Tweet midway through your stream that you’re still streaming about topic X or live coding https://twitter.com/nickytonline/status/1405219963045036033 https://twitter.com/nickytonline/status/1405219963045036033 Post your streams to Polywork, LinkedIn and Twitter. Here are some examples at timeline.iamdeveloper.com, my LinkedIn, and Twitter Post your streams to Polywork, LinkedIn and Twitter. Here are some examples at timeline.iamdeveloper.com , my LinkedIn , and Twitter timeline.iamdeveloper.com my LinkedIn https://twitter.com/coffeecraftcode/status/1384980393770815488 https://twitter.com/coffeecraftcode/status/1384980393770815488 Have a consistent schedule Don’t worry  if no one or few people are watching your stream when you get started out Zoom in your editor and browser to help folks see things better If you use Visual Studio Code, @john_papa created an amazing extension for hiding environment files called Cloak Have a consistent schedule Don’t worry  if no one or few people are watching your stream when you get started out Zoom in your editor and browser to help folks see things better If you use Visual Studio Code , @john_papa created an amazing extension for hiding environment files called Cloak Visual Studio Code Cloak {%twitter 1421683536952709120 %} If you plan on uploading your streams to YouTube or want to create clips later, ensure that you have Store past broadcasts on in your stream settings If you plan on uploading your streams to YouTube or want to create clips later, ensure that you have Store past broadcasts on in your stream settings stream settings Having Guests on Your Stream There is no native way for guests to join a stream in OBS, so a third party application is required. These are the common ones that are out there: Zoom Discord VDO.Ninja (previously called OBS.Ninja) Zoom Zoom Discord Discord VDO.Ninja (previously called OBS.Ninja) VDO.Ninja For Discussions You should have one or more topics to discuss, but they do not need to be scripted. It should feel natural. I also tend to go on tangents sometimes. Maybe this is good, maybe it's bad. 🙃 Extras Here's some not necessarily crucial stuff for your stream, but some nice additions to spice up your stream. Add interactivity to your stream. A browser source in a scene that loads a page using ComfyJS is a great for this. Automate things as much as possible

Scheduled tweet that you’re going live
Use a stream deck if it’s in your budget. I bought one about a year into streaming. Use service like StreamLabs or StreamElements for moderation bots, interactivity, like when someone follows your stream. Add interactivity to your stream. A browser source in a scene that loads a page using ComfyJS is a great for this. ComfyJS Automate things as much as possible Scheduled tweet that you’re going live
Use a stream deck if it’s in your budget. I bought one about a year into streaming. Scheduled tweet that you’re going live Use a stream deck if it’s in your budget. I bought one about a year into streaming. Scheduled tweet that you’re going live Use a stream deck if it’s in your budget. I bought one about a year into streaming. Use service like StreamLabs or StreamElements for moderation bots, interactivity, like when someone follows your stream. StreamElements Additional software Below is a list of additional software that can help you out during a stream or post-stream. Loopback, for merging audio or creating other virtual audio devices descript, for subtitles, removing filler words, and video editing if you plan on publishing your streams to YouTube krisp, noise-cancelling software Loopback , for merging audio or creating other virtual audio devices Loopback descript , for subtitles, removing filler words, and video editing if you plan on publishing your streams to YouTube descript krisp , noise-cancelling software krisp Hardware Although not required when starting out with streaming, these are things you can add to your stream over time. Light ring An external microphone Better Web Cam or Camera Streaming Deck Light ring An external microphone Better Web Cam or Camera Streaming Deck https://twitter.com/ania_kubow/status/1420685669479985152 https://twitter.com/ania_kubow/status/1420685669479985152 Additional Resources Web Captioner

Add live captions in OBS Studio Steve Seguin’s YouTube channel (creator of VDO.ninja) The Invisible Zoom Streaming method by Rachael Wright-Munn Pair Programming with Jhey (shows how to use ComfyJS) Web Captioner Add live captions in OBS Studio Web Captioner Add live captions in OBS Studio Add live captions in OBS Studio Add live captions in OBS Studio Steve Seguin’s YouTube channel (creator of VDO.ninja) Steve Seguin’s YouTube channel The Invisible Zoom Streaming method by Rachael Wright-Munn The Invisible Zoom Streaming method Rachael Wright-Munn Pair Programming with Jhey (shows how to use ComfyJS) https://youtu.be/DDJB8KSh-Sw https://youtu.be/DDJB8KSh-Sw livecoding.ca’s interactions using ComfyJS My Uses Page (software and hardware I use) livecoding.ca ’s interactions using ComfyJS livecoding.ca interactions using ComfyJS My Uses Page (software and hardware I use) My Uses Page And last but not least, some shameless plugs! DEV Twitch Stream DEV's YouTube My Stream My YouTube DEV Twitch Stream DEV Twitch Stream DEV's YouTube DEV's YouTube My Stream My Stream My YouTube My YouTube Until next time folks! Also published here. here.

How to Get Started Streaming on Twitch

APIs are essential when it comes to software development. It allows software to communicate with each other to exchange information. In the beginning, when learning to make API calls, it can be a challenge using tools such as cURL in the terminal, in the frontend or backend option such as . Postman is a great tool for understanding the process of making API calls and getting feedback on the response of those calls. It provides a visual interface and allows developers to get a sense of the workflow which can provide easier transitions to using other tools such as cURL or Express. FETCH Express In this tutorial, we will be using to make API requests to to get a better understanding on building an application similar to Twitch or YouTube. The Livepeer Video Services API consists of the standard features for users such as creating new live streams, recording the streams and getting a list of their streams. By leveraging for transcoding, it will be easier and cost effective to scale for in the future. Postman Livepeer Video Services Livepeer’s decentralized network Get access to Postman Step 1: Go to and sign up for a free account. Postman’s website You can use their web browser tool or download the desktop version. For this tutorial, we will use the desktop version with , but it is also available for and . Mac OS Windows Linux Get access to Livepeer Video Services Step 2: Go to and sign up for a free account. Livepeer Video Services Now that we have access to these two services, let’s start interacting with them. Get anAPI key Step 3: In your Livepeer dashboard, tap the developers tab and select API keys Click the button that says Create Key Then give your key a name and click Create With the API key, we will start going through the section of Livepeer Video Services' . The reference uses the cURL command but we will do this using Postman instead. Stream API Reference To learn more about streaming Livepeer Video Services with the cURL command, visit the tutorial How To Stream With Livepeer Video Service’s RTMP API Step 4: Launch the Postman desktop app Click the icon under the Reports tab to start a new request or select under the file menu + New Tab Create a stream Step 5: Select the option and the paste in Livepeer Video Services’ base URL for streaming POST https://livepeer.com/api/stream Then underneath the URL, click on the tab, and select as the type Authorization Bearer Token Copy and paste your API key from Livepeer Video Services Now select the tab and then underneath select the radio button Body raw Then click the the drop down menu and select the option Text JSON In the text box field below, paste the following code which is from the . You can change the to whatever you want as this is for the name of your stream Livepeer Video Services' API reference docs name { "name": "First Stream", "profiles": [ { "name": "720p", "bitrate": 2000000, "fps": 30, "width": 1280, "height": 720 }, { "name": "480p", "bitrate": 1000000, "fps": 30, "width": 854, "height": 480 }, { "name": "360p", "bitrate": 500000, "fps": 30, "width": 640, "height": 360 } ] } Now click on the button and you should receive a confirmation that it went through with a 201 status Send Scroll down in the response and copy the for the stream that was just created. It should be under id renditions Check the Livepeer Video Services’ dashboard and the stream that you just created should come up Now let’s get the stream we just created Retrieve a stream Step 6: In the Postman app, we will change from to , and in the URL paste in and replace with the id we copied from our response earlier. POST GET https://livepeer.com/api/stream/{id} {id} Click the blue send button and you should get back a 200 status with the response including the parameters of the stream Get a list of streams Step 7: In order to get a list of streams, follow to create a second stream so that there is more than one stream Step 5 Give it a name of your choice, but for this example, it will be named Second Stream Go back to Livepeer Video Services’ dashboard and you should see the appear Second Stream Now that we have multiple streams, go back to the Postman app and retrieve them Similar to we are changing to and insert the base URL for retrieving multiple streams Step 6 POST GET https://livepeer.com/api/stream?streamsonly=1 Remember that the body should have the selected since we are not passing in any data none radio button Click the blue send button and it should confirm with a response of status meaning that the request went through and a response back with a list of your streams 200 Toggling a stream Step 8: Replace with and insert the URL for for toggling recording and replace with the one you have at the end of GET Patch https://livepeer.com/api/stream/{id}/record {id} Step 5 Now we will toggle the recording on by putting the following in body, just as we did in Step 5 { “record”: true } Click the blue send button and it should confirm with a response of status meaning that the request went through 204 Update a stream Step 9: Select and insert the URL for updating a stream and replace with the one you have at the end of Patch https://livepeer.com/api/stream/{id} {id} Step 5 Now we will not have the recording on and suspend the stream by putting the following in body, just as we did in Step 5 { “record”: false, “suspend”: true } Click the blue send button and it should confirm with a response of status meaning that the request went through 204 Delete a stream Step 10: We will delete by replacing with and insert the URL for deleting a stream and replace the you have at the end of Second Stream Patch Delete https://livepeer.com/api/stream/{id} {id} Step 5 Click the blue send button and you should get a status as a response to confirm the stream has been deleted 204 Go back to Livepeer Video Services' dashboard to confirm that the stream has been deleted Now that you are able to use Postman to interact with Livepeer Video Services' API, take your skills to another level using cURL. To learn more, check out the tutorial How to Stream With Livepeer Video Service’s RTMP API. How to Stream with RTMP API First Published here

Build a Twitch Clone with the Livepeer API

Donations are aimed to support content creators on different platforms. But how much money actually goes to the streamer? What amount of commissions and fees are taken by the intermediaries? Let’s do a breakdown of the donation system and see how it works. How much streamers earn on donations Most full-time streamers get an average of $3000-$6500 per month; the amount varies depending on their popularity and sponsorships. Gamers received up to $1,000,000 donations on Twitch, and some content creators about $3.3 million through Twitch subscriptions, bits, and ads from late 2019 to October 2021. earned The amount of income they generate will vary from streamer to streamer. Most of them receive bits and subscriptions from 5-15% of their total viewers. “Professional” streaming requires time and dedication, and just the top 0.01% of content creators the big Twitch payouts. Small bloggers with 5-10 average viewers get $50-$200 per month, this amount is on subscribers, bits, and advertisements, without the income from other sources like YouTube and sponsorships. Most users purchase subscriptions to avoid ads and get exclusive content from streamers. At the same time, donations allow bloggers to generate content on a professional level and to create a stronger community. get based Donation breakdown: fees, commission, and taxes Twitch does not take commissions from donations, except from their tipping system called “Twitch Bits” where they take around 30% from the purchased bits. However, payment systems, such as PayPal, include additional fees. PayPal is now charging 2.89% of the total amount, plus a $0.49 fixed fee. The new fees can cost streamers, especially the ones who rely on smaller donations, a . This way from every $1 donation from a viewer the streamer would only get $0.48. If a streamer gets a $100 donation, after it goes through PayPal, he will end up with $96.62. The number is not looking bad however, not many content creators receive this amount and rely on smaller donations. lot of money Affiliate and Partnered creators can monetize their accounts with subscriptions. The price range is from $4.99 to $24.99. The creator gets 50% from each subscription, however, some high-end Twitch Partners can keep up to 70%. Users who have the subscription can watch ad-free videos, use channel emotes, and get access to subscriber-only content. Top streamers have custom deals and the split for Twitch Partners depends on the of the subscription: tier Tier 1: 50/50 Tier 2: 60/40 Tier 3: 70/30 Bits can be classified as “tipping” or mini-donation. Every 100 bits equals $1. A streamer gets $0.01 per bit or an equivalent in foreign currency based on the current transactional value. It is worth noting that if the transaction requires a currency conversion, Paypal is a retail exchange rate and a conversion service charge of 4.5%. Donations made through third-party platforms on Twitch go to the streamer, for this reason, solutions like Destream are convenient due to the absence of hidden fees. using On Youtube creators need to meet several requirements to allow their viewers to purchase subscriptions: they need to have a minimum of 1,000 subscribers and at least 4,000 hours of total watch time within the last year. Traditional YouTubers typically between $0.10-$0.30 per ad view and sponsorships, at the same time streamers, can get payment via channel memberships, super chat, sponsorships, and selling merchandise. make For instance, super chat allows subscribers to have their chat displayed at the top of the feed for a fee that can vary between $1-$500. The platform takes 30% of the payment and the remaining 70% goes to the streamer. If streamers want to collect donations on their channels they need to set up an account through a third-party platform, since Youtube does not have an in-built donation system. Content creators from any country need to pay income tax or business tax if they are registered as a company. The amount varies depending on the country. For instance, in the UK they are required to complete a self-assessment tax return and declare their income. If they earn more than £1,000 per tax year, content creators have to do a tax return. In the US streamers need to fill in a tax return if they more than $600. make Full-time bloggers need to pay a self-employment tax, which is a set 15.3%, and income tax. Creators usually act as sole traders or self-employed. Alternatively, they establish a limited company. It is a separate entity from its owner and the company is responsible for the business’s liabilities and debts. How donations improve the overall quality of the content Donations allow content creators to improve the quality of their content and share with the audience more professional videos. The future of blogging and streaming is being shaped around the community, therefore it’s so important to find new ways to engage with the audience and build a strong network. At the same time if platform users like the online content, they are willing to make donations and encourage more people to become full-time creators. To get the most out of the donations, bloggers and streamers should carefully read the policies. It is worth bearing in mind that content creators can save up to 20% of their income if they calculate all the commissions charged by payment platforms and banks.

How Much Do Twitch Streamers and YouTubers ACTUALLY Make from Donations?

, Metaverse gaming NFT project More Than Gamers (MTG) has announced an undisclosed amount of seed funding led by respective co-founders of QGlobe, with participation from the founding team contributor of Twitch, and founding team member of World Star. After selling out in 30 seconds The NFT project MTG intends to utilize the capital to advance ambitions for the pfp NFTs to gain avatar interoperability between metaverse worlds to access Gamefi and eCommerce experiences. The MTG business theory supports cross-metaverse deployment versus a singular metaverse thesis similar to Meta, formerly Facebook, despite cautions against monopolizing the metaverse sector. The MTG roadmap includes plans to expand across multi metaverse platforms focused on games that live within these environments, though after a significant future funding round the project aims to build its own singular metaverse platform. The project was created by gamers for gamers, purpose-built with the needs and wants of gamers in mind. MTG will take the first step of many e-commerce solutions by offering holders the opportunity to access merchandise with exclusive apparel by Champion Sports. Future plans aim to bring matching skins in the MTG metaverse store locations across many metaverse platforms so that gamers can accessorize their avatars with their favorite brands. MTG was co-founded by gaming entrepreneur Aaron Kirshenberg and esports manager Nicholas Amos. Digital media gaming executive Michael Padilla is also an owner. was founded by Apollo Green and Sarah Austin as a new way for investors to fund NFT, gaming, and metaverse projects before their initial game offering (IGO) at a discount. Unlike traditional VCs who do little to aid startups, QGlobe’s Web 3 native team aids in partnerships, marketing, and blockchain game development. QGlobe More Than Gamers (MTG) today announced the completion of an undisclosed seed round from prominent tech, gaming and entertainment industry executives and veterans including Justin.tv founding team contributor Sarah Austin, who built the original community that became Twitch, Apollo Green of a prominent Silicon Valley Family Office capital investment firm and former founding team member of World Star, participated together through the QGlobe blockchain game investment fund. “We are very keen to begin this partnership with QGlobe. The metaverse experience they bring perfectly rounds out our team. We are going to develop one of the most prominent gaming brands in the NFT space and beyond,” says Aaron Kirshenberg CEO and Founder of MTG. Apollo Green, CEO and co-Founder of QGlobe commented, "MTG is lowering the friction to a more engaging relationship between gamers and their communities by leveraging modern technologies." He continued, "By using Blockchain technology, More Than Gamers allows for meaningful experiences - previously not easy to deliver, which can be unlocked with the game’s token and plans for utility in partnership with QGlobe." After the rebrand of Facebook to Meta there’s been heavy speculation by investors pouring money into metaverse worlds, and despite concerns about privacy, congestion, and safety, the wider conversation happening on Twitter involves the implications of Web 3.0, all of which metaverse environments are a crucial part of the conversation. Jack Dorsey accused traditional venture capital firms who come from Web 2.0 of exposing the centralized nature of the projects they invest in stating that Web 3.0 “will never escape their incentives” and that the projects they invest in are “ultimately a centralized entity with a different label.” His tweet storm received engagement from Tyler Winklevoss and Elon Musk who expressed his favoritism of Dogecoin DOGE over other crypto assets. Jack Dorsey left Twitter to start a decentralized exchange project called tbDEX where he has committed to supporting Bitcoin’s expansive ecosystem to reach its full potential and in his mind one that may surpass the dollar one day.

More Than Gamers Receives VC Investment From Founding Twitch Community Builder

Image/Vector Courtesy: rawpixel.com Amazon-owned streaming service Twitch has expanded its rules to include off-platform “misconduct” that breaks its rules and could result in a ban from the streaming service even when it doesn’t occur on their platform. This news comes as an increasing number of big tech companies increase their reach into various aspects of digital life and try to suppress freedom of speech as the guardians of free speech. The company wrote in a blog post, “While this policy is new, we have taken action historically against serious, clear misconduct that took place off service, but until now, we didn’t have an approach that scaled. These investigations are vastly more complex and can take significant time and resources to resolve. We have access to the relevant data about activity that occurs on the Twitch service, which enables us to investigate reports and enforce our policies.” To handle reports for its broadened rules, Twitch created a dedicated email address (OSIT@twitch.tv) to handle reports about off-service behaviour. The company says it has partnered with a third-party investigative law firm to vet the reports it receives. The platform cited its action against the former president of the United States of America - Donald Trump as the most prominent instance of off-platform behaviour that resulted in action by the platform. Twitch disabled Trump’s account following the protests at US Capitol and later banned him indefinitely, citing fears that he could use the platform to instigate violence. Other services that followed suit to ban Trump from their platform include popular social networking websites such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Discord, Pinterest, Snapchat, Reddit, Youtube, and other platforms such as Google, Apple, Stripe, Twilio, Okta, Shopify, Amazon Web Services and LiquidWeb amongst others. It is hard to eclipse Trump in terms of popularity but in June last year, Twitched suspended one of its most popular streamers - Dr. Disrespect without providing an explanation for the decision to permanently ban him from the platform. Even a year later, there is no clarity regarding his expulsion from the streaming platform and the company insists that it only takes action in cases with a “preponderance of evidence”. Decentralization is the only answer to prevent such incidents In a decentralized social network, the platform operates on independently run servers rather than a centralized server that is owned by a business. A decentralized social network is open-source and implements decentralized cloud storage platforms to store data that leverages blockchain technology to split data into encrypted fragments and store it in individual storage worldwide. This eliminates any possibility of a third party accessing and manipulating the data through unethical means for their profit motive. It is a 100% trustless system that allows full anonymity and gives users more control over their data. A decentralized cloud such as offers a strong base for decentralized social networks to build their platform offering more features at a fraction of the cost of centralized cloud storage services such as Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure among others that have a history of data breaches and using sensitive user data to make more profitable decisions for their business. StorX Decentralized platforms are essential to protect netizens from the threats of censorship, surveillance, blockages, and other methods to curb the freedom of speech. The next version of the world wide web is web 3.0 which will be decentralized and a secure and more private internet might be coming sooner rather than later with the growing popularity of decentralized platforms that are based on blockchain.

Twitch Will Ban Users for Off-Platform Activities

Hi, it’s Nate here with a new video on 5 coding concepts that companies will test you on in data science interviews in 2021. As you guys know, I’m always tracking and collecting interview questions from various companies to better understand what technical concepts you need to know to succeed in interviews and what skills you need to have to succeed on the job. So these are questions that . So they’re as real-time as can be. I’ve collected in the first few months of 2021 The companies that I’m sourcing from today are . I’ll introduce the coding concepts to know and then show you a real interview question I collected from the company. Facebook, Postmates, Credit Karma, Ring Central, and Twitch So let’s get started. Technical Concepts Tested Categorizations, aggregations, ratios Let’s start simple -- categorizations, aggregations, ratios -- (aren’t these 3 different concepts?) -- Yes, but they’re almost always tested together in one question. And it’s probably the most commonly tested concept on coding interviews, especially in the beginning rounds. By categorizations, I mean . I’ll stick with SQL technical concepts because I see most people use SQL on coding interviews. CASE statements in SQL Aggregations like taking the sum or average are always tested and usually are applied after the categorization takes place. But they can also take the form of a ratio. Here’s an example by Facebook ( ): https://platform.stratascratch.com/coding-question?id=2005&python= 1. Facebook Data Science Interview Question: Return the Share of Active Users Return share of monthly active users in the United States (US). Active users are ones with “open” status in the table. Here’s what the solution would look like: SELECT  active_users
/total_users: : float AS active_users_share
FROM  
                        (SELECT count (user_id) total_users,
                                          Count (CASE   
                                                            WHEN status = THEN ELSE NULL

                                                                                                                
                                                            END) AS active_users
                        FROM fb_active_users
                        WHERE country = ) subq 'open' 1 'USA' If you read this solution and it makes sense to you then congrats, you’re on the right track. So as you can see, to solve this question, you need to understand how to properly write a case statement, properly aggregate the results of the case statement, and then take a ratio from the result of the aggregation itself. All in one query. The tricky part isn’t really even those 3 technical concepts. It’s organizing your code into logical steps -- as you can see there’s a subquery to split out the logic. And there’s also a data type conversion from an integer to a float so that your output can be between 0 and 1. These are the little nuances you need to know in addition to these 3 concepts. Lots of people forget these small things, especially if you’re out of practice or nervous. 2. LEFT JOINs and Subqueries and CTEs (Credit Karma) JOINs, subqueries, and CTEs. Again, 3 different concepts but they’re always tested together to solve one problem. Here’s an example of what I mean. This question is from Credit Karma ( ) https://platform.stratascratch.com/coding-question?id=2003&python= Write a query that joins this submissions table to the loans table and returns the total loan balance on each user’s most recent ‘Refinance’ submission. Balance Per User on Recent Refinance Submission Write a query that joins this submissions table to the loans table and returns the total loan balance on each user’s most recent “Refinance” submission. Here’s the SQL code solution: l.user_id, (balance) ( user_id, (created_at) (PARTTION user_id, ) SELECT SUM FROM SELECT DISTINCT Min OVER BY TYPE Looks pretty complicated doesn’t it? It even includes other advanced concepts I’m not even covering. But you can see there’s a JOIN statement and a subquery (which could be re-written as a CTE, if you wanted to do that). What’s being tested is if you can blend two sources of data together and aggregate the data from one table, “balance” with a variable from another table “user_id”. Remember, a successful interviewee will talk through the entire logic and why they’re doing what they’re doing. 3. Subqueries in the WHERE clause (Ring Central) While we’re talking about subqueries, they can be found in multiple places --  not just at the JOIN statement like in the last question. Subqueries in the WHERE clause are also really common concepts tested and actually, it’s a question that most people get wrong. Here’s a question from Ring Central ( https://platform.stratascratch.com/coding-question?id=2017&python=) How many paid users had any calls in Apr 2020? Here’s the solution: ( user_id) rc_calls “ ” “ ” user_id ( user_id rc_users = ) SELECT count DISTINCT FROM WHERE date BETWEEN 2020 -04 -01 AND 2020 -04 -30 AND in SELECT FROM WHERE status 'paid' Subqueries in the WHERE clause allow you to quickly grab information from one table and use it as a filtering condition in the main query, like we are seeing here. So in this example, we’re grabbing the user_id of paid users from the user table and using that as a condition to find how many calls they placed in the calls table. In my experience, not many people would solve this problem in this way. Let me know if you have another approach to this problem. I’ll create a video in the next few weeks that covers all the approaches to solving this problem. 4. Data Science Interview Question from Twitch: Window functions The 4th coding concept tested in data science interviews so far in 2021 are window functions. Window functions are heavily utilized in data science work. I’ve talked about them extensively in past videos. One example of this is a question from Twitch. Twitch ( ) https://platform.stratascratch.com/coding-question?id=2012&python= Streamers Sessions By Users Who Had First Session As Viewer From the users who had their session as a viewer, how many streamer sessions have they had?  Return users id and number of sessions in descending order. In case there are users with the same number of sessions, order them by ascending user id. Here’s the solution: user_id, (*) n_sessions twitch_sessions session_type = user_id ( user_id ( user_id,
                         session_type, () ( user_id session_start) streams_order twitch_sessions) s1 streams_order = session_type = ) user_id n_sessions ,
                     User_id SELECT count FROM WHERE 'streamer' AND in SELECT FROM SELECT rank OVER PARTITION BY ORDER BY FROM WHERE 1 AND 'viewer' GROUP BY ORDER BY DESC ASC This one’s insane. And yes it did get asked in an interview. But don’t worry, in the upcoming weeks, I’ll be stepping through the solution for each of the questions I just covered. These questions take a lot of time to solve and they’re typically found in the later rounds (1) because they’re so much code but (2) because there’s so much involved that it just takes time to talk through it. 5. Date manipulations (Postmates) Lastly, date manipulations. This one is always asked on interviews because everyone in analytics from an analyst to a data scientist works with dates. It would be weird not to. Because you’re usually given a complete day, year-month-day-timestamp, but asked to aggregate by weeks, months, or years, you’ll need to know how to manipulate dates. Here’s one from Postmates ( ) https://platform.stratascratch.com/coding-question?id=2014&python= Which hour of the day averages the highest order volume? Here’s the solution: date_part ( , order_timestamp_utc) , ( ) n_orders posmates_orders date_part ( , order_timestamp_utc) ( ) SELECT 'hour' AS HOUR Count id FROM GROUP BY 'hour' ORDER BY count id DESC This one requires you to extract the hour from the datetime in order to find the highest order volume. So it’s really just a matter of knowing these datetime functions, like date_part(). And as you probably have guessed, I have a few videos on that too. Check them out in the description. Conclusion Did you think these questions were difficult to answer? If so, I’m going to step through all the solutions in my next Youtube videos. I also have a link to all the questions in the video and resources I’ve put together on these technical topics. Remember, these are interview questions that were asked in the first few weeks/months of 2021, so many companies are definitely requiring you to master these 5 technical concepts. I hope this was helpful. Let’s start with these 5 questions in the next few videos on my YouTube channel and see how we can solve them together. Until then guys, keep practicing and learning. Hope this is helpful. Watch the video here: Also published on: https://www.stratascratch.com/blog/data-science-coding-interview-questions-with-5-technical-concepts/

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